Mining Magnetic Separation

2025-06-30 XinHai Views (7)

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1.Magnetic Separation Overview & Purpose

Magnetic separators play dual roles in mining. It protects equipment from tramp metal and recovering valuable minerals or removing magnetic impurities from ore

2. Classification of Magnetic Separation

Dry vs wet: Dry units for pre-concentration and equipment protection; wet units for slurry-based recovery .

Magnetic intensity:

Low (e.g., LIMS, drum magnets) for iron ore

High (e.g., rare-earth rolls, induced roll) and high-gradient (e.g., HGMS, matrix) for weakly magnetic minerals

3. Magnetic Separation Types

Equipment Type	Use Case	Description
Overband magnets & head pulleys	Tramp metal removal	Deep fields, installed over belts or in-pulley
Drum separators	Iron ore, magnetite	Rotating drum; ferrous sticks to shell
Rare-earth roll / induced roll	Dry beneficiation of paramagnetics	Permanent or electromagnetic rolls pull magnetic phases
High-gradient / matrix separators	Fine/weakly magnetic minerals	Intense field via matrix to extract fine particles
Three-disc high-intensity separators	Special minerals (e.g., tungsten, rare earth)	Adjustable, high-intensity dry units
Wet drum separators & electromagnetic filters	Slurry processing	Slurry-fed units for wet magnetic recovery

4. Magnetic Separation Operating Principles

Tramp metal units use deep magnetic fields to attract and remove ferrous. Ore beneficiation uses shallow or matrix-supported fields to selectively separate based on magnetic susceptibility.

5. Magnetic Separation Target Materials & Applications

Ferromagnetic: Magnetite, nickel, cobalt — recovered by low-intensity units

Paramagnetic: Ilmenite, hematite, tungsten minerals — benefits from high-intensity

Diamagnetic: Impurities like silica are separated out in high-gradient setups

6. Magnetic Separation Design & Operational Choices

Type	Advantages	Considerations
Self-cleaning	Automatically discharges ferrous materials; reduces manual labor	Higher initial cost; more complex structure
Fixed (Stationary)	Simpler design; lower cost	Requires periodic manual cleaning
Permanent Magnet	Energy-efficient; no external power needed	Magnetic field is constant; cannot be turned off
Electromagnetic	Switchable magnetic field; adjustable strength	Higher energy consumption; requires power supply & cooling

7. Performance Benefits

Enhances plant safety by shielding crushers and conveyors

Increases product purity

Enables fine mineral recovery, even from low-grade ore

Supports sustainability: dry processes without chemicals, lower power use with permanent magnets

8. Customization & Sustainability

Lab test facilities (e.g., Bunting Redditch) enable tailored designs

Modular and digital designs (e.g., Mineral Technologies’ HGMS/LIMS) support scalability and automation

Permanent magnet units can reduce operating costs by 30–50% compared to electromagnets

Magnetic separation is a proven, versatile method supporting both equipment protection and mineral recovery.

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